Fate and Free Will in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart...

Fate and Free Will in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The tragic story of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart offers many examples of Igbo beliefs regarding free will and fate. Religious life for the Igbo was thoroughly intertwined with secular life. According to the text, the Igbo believed in fate; that nothing happened by chance as every happenstance was the result of Chukwu or Gods will. Yet the Igbo also believed that ancestors, lesser gods, and their own chi or personal god also influenced the lives of the living. Thus, if an individual lived in harmony with his ancestors, lesser gods and ultimately Chukwu, that individual would be blessed with good fortune, health and an abundance of children. If,†¦show more content†¦What part of their decimation was the result of spiritual and secular disharmony among the Igbo, and what part was the result of fate? Okonkwos own struggle with free will and fate may symbolize this question. Okonkwo is initially introduced as a proud, hardworking, successful warrior. He is described as clearly cut out for great things (6). But he is the son of a neer-do-well father; though genial and inoffensive, Unoka must certainly have been considered a failure. He is lazy and does not provide for his family. Not only is this disgraceful, but life-threatening as well. He is dependent on other members of the clan and must have been considered unsuccessful. Okonkwo chafes under such disgrace and his success is a consequence of his desire to be everything his father is not; societys vision of an exemplar citizen. The fact that Okonkwo is able to rise above his poverty and disgraceful paternity illustrates the Igbos acceptance of individual free will. But Okonkwos fate and his disharmony with his chi, family and clan are shown to cause his ultimate disgrace and death. Okonkwos early success is recognized as the result of hard work, That was not luck. At the most one could say that his chi or personal god was good (19). But Okonkwo goes too far. He is harsh and unkind to his family and less successful clansmen, thus undermining his self-made fortune.Show MoreRelated Existentialism in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesExistentialism in Things Fall Apart      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chinua Achebe presents his audience with an interesting twist to a contemporary school of thought in his work Things Fall Apart.   This post-colonization narrative incorporates several traits that revolt against normative philosophic systems and tralititious theories and beliefs of the existence of man and his place in the universe.   Achebes efforts are characterized by a small diverse group of writers that purge realizations of predestinationRead More Okonkwos Tragic Flaws in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3094 Words   |  13 Pagesironically leads to their personal misfortune. 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Spread of Islam via Sokoto Caliphate - 608 Words

According to Sakkwatanci: A Caliphate is defined as an Islamic State governed by a Caliph or Sultan; where the Caliph exercises both political and religious powers as the states supreme head, he holds the title of AMIR AL-mumin (Commander of the Faithful) and in Hausa, SARKIN MUSULMI. Islam of itself follows the teachings of Muhammad, the prophet as he was both the religious head and political leader of the faithful. Currently known to the world today as Northern Nigeria the Sokoto Caliphate followed the Sufi traditions an Islamic sect—incorporating a very different method of prorogating the religion of the faithful and was successful for the greater part of the nineteenth century. Not since the first jihads during the time of Muhammad when the city of Medina sought an income by raiding the caravans of the Meccans had the jihad made such an impact on the growth of Islam. A jihad declared by Usman dan Fodio and initially directed by his kinsmen, Sokoto in Nigeria had such an ef fect in the spread of Muslim influence in Sub-Sahara Africa; whereas in the prior centuries Islam was proliferated without as much blood shed in the most northern reaches of the Sahara. Usman dan Fodio, a son of a Fulani teacher having studied with variety of shaykhs or teachers in the Arabic introduced a new system of ruling in what -became the Sokoto Caliphate—in direct rule. A novel idea having lasted until the British conquest and subsequent occupation in the early years of the twentieth century

Nutrition for kids Guidelines for a healthy diet free essay sample

Nutrition for kids is based on the same principles as nutrition for adults. Everyone needs the same types of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Children, however, need different amounts of specific nutrients at different ages.Consider these nutrient-dense foods:Protein. Choose seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans, peas, soy products, and unsalted nuts and seeds.Fruits. Encourage the child to eat a variety of fresh, canned, frozen or dried fruits rather than fruit juice. If child drinks juice, make sure its 100 percent juice without added sugars and limit his or her servings. Look for canned fruit that says its light or packed in its own juice, meaning its low in added sugar. Keep in mind that one-quarter cup of dried fruit counts as one cup-equivalent of fruit. When consumed in excess, dried fruits can contribute extra calories.Vegetables. Serve a variety of fresh, canned, frozen or dried vegetables. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition for kids: Guidelines for a healthy diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Aim to provide a variety of vegetables, including dark green, red and orange, beans and peas, starchy and others, each week. When selecting canned or frozen vegetables, look for options lower in sodium. Grains. Choose whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, popcorn, brown or wild rice. Limit refined grains such as white bread, pasta, and rice.Dairy. Encourage your child to eat and drink fat-free or low-fat dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, cheese or fortified soy beverages.0-12 months: Infants up to the age to six months are exclusively breastfed. As baby grows, gradually introduce baby to a wide range of new tastes and textures so that, by the age of one year, the baby is enjoying a varied and healthy diet. Average Energy Requirements (calories/kcals) of children aged 1 to 5:Age Male (kcal) Female (kcal)1 765 7172 1004 9323 1171 10764 1386 12915 1482 1362Toddlers (1-3): The period Between 1 and 3 years old, toddlers develop in fascinating, exciting and surprising ways. Physically, socially, emotionally and verbally, they are becoming more independent and able to express their budding personality. A healthy, balanced diet is necessary to provide a toddler with the right balance of nutrients they need for optimal development. Two vital vitamins for this stage are iron and vitamin D.Pre-School Children (3-5): Children growth and development is rapid. A child can play with a group of friends, using their imagination to play games. They’re capable of making decisions. Their daily energy and nutrient requirements are high.Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI):AGE IRON RNI (mg) CALCIUM RNI (mg) VITAMINS RNI (ug) SALT(g) SODIUM(g)1-3 6.9 350 400 2 0.83-5 6.1 450 400 3 1.2

Pharaoh by Jackie French free essay sample

Although he was no longer Prince, Narmer always thought like one when it came to Thinis. â€Å"He suddenly imagined what Thinis could do with canals like these, to take water from the river into the drylands, beyond the reach of the flood. †(Pg 157) Secondly, Narmer showed leadership skills when he arrived back to Thinis from Sumer. Narmer was so shocked to see his town destroyed and took command and lead an army to help Thinis attack Yebu. â€Å"The Golden One has saved us! He moved the River! Even the River obeys the Golden One! † (Pg 232) When Narmer was attacked by the crocodile, he forfeits his position as heir because the King asked him and Narmer couldn’t lead an army. Narmer was a threat to Hawk because people would always see Narmer as King only if he was around. Thinis needed a King that people could trust so if Narmer tells anyone about Hawk they won’t believe him. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharaoh by Jackie French or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Narmer kept quiet about this. â€Å"Thinis needs to trust its King. So I will be loyal. † (Pg 67) Throughout the story, Narmer also showed courage. Narmer shows courage when he convinces the Trader to help the Queen of Punt. â€Å"Who do you think would take a risk like that? No one spoke. Then Narmer said, ‘A man who faced an afreet and came away. Who conquered the desert and its storms. Who took a crippled boy and girl and let them live. A man like that would have the courage, I think. ’† (Pg 123) Even though Narmer knows there are risks in helping the Queen, he realises that it is the right thing to do. Next, Narmer takes a risk when he had the courage to face the People of the Sand. If the trade went wrong then they would have been killed but Narmer was very heroic while he was making his trade. â€Å"Narmer held up his hand. Then slowly, very slowly, he lifted up his kilt. His scars glared red and purple in the desert light. The strangers gasped. How could have anyone survived a wound like this? Narmer lowered his kilt and pointed at the liniment, then at the Trader. † (Pg 92) Lastly, Narmer was very brave and courageous when he was trying to escape from the crocodile. Narmer even had the courage to poke the crocodile with his very own hands. â€Å"This time he lashed out, twisted himself, trying to get his fingers into the beast’s eye. The crocodile seemed lashed out. † (Pg 54) During the novel, Narmer was very loyal to his town and his town’s people. When Narmer spoke to the Oracle, all of the questions were about Thinis. â€Å"That was the first question he’d ask the Oracle tomorrow, he decided: when would the People of the Sand attack? And was there any way to arrange a truce with them, as his father had done by arranging a marriage between Narmer and the Princess of Yebu? † (Pg 10) Narmer put his need to help Thinis before his need to find out about what lay ahead for him. Narmer was loyal to his people as shown by how he treated his men before attacking Yebu. He thinks about others before himself. The men spread out, looking for logs to sit on in the dampness, pulling out their pouches of food. Narmer went from one group to another checking all had enough to eat and a place to sit. † (Pg 218) Finally, Narmer was loyal to the King because he listened to his father’s commands even though he was the Prince. â€Å"Narmer flushed. To be sent to his room, like a child! But he simply nodded. He walked alo ng the colonnades to his room, trying to keep his dignity. And there he stayed. † (Pg 40) Overall, Narmer did portray the qualities of a true King. He showed courage, loyalty and leadership.

Profitability And Risk Essays - Nestea, Patent Medicines, Iced Tea

Profitability and Risk Qualitative Criteria and Evaluations Profitability and Risk Alternative one offers the highest profitability. The net income after taxes for alternative two is $104,996,299 compared to $160,658,065 for alternative one. Alternative two also offers a high profitability, but not as much as the first alternative. The risk for alternative one is very high. The risk for the second alternative two is average. Purchasing Nestea is risky because the alternative beverage industry is declining. Coca-Cola's dissolution of their alliance with Nestea also raises some concerns of risk and profitability. The additional profits received from alternative one are not a large enough amount to consider taking this high of a risk. Competitor's Reaction Competitor's reactions were thought to be more prevalent in alternative two. The repackaging and offering the non-tea products in cans would cause an immediate reaction. The expected increase in sales would cut into the competitor's share of the market. When Snapple refocuses itself in the international market, the other alternative beverage companies will also enter the market. Competitor's reactions for alternative one are expected to be low. The main competitor left after the purchase of the alternative beverage division of Nestea from Nestle would be Pepsi's Lipton product. There are no clear strategic actions to counteract this movement from Pepsi Lipton. Society's Reaction Society's reactions for both alternatives would be high. Buying Nestea, alternative one, would give Snapple the profits they would receive from loyal Nestea customers. This brand loyalty might also help the image of Snapple's drinks. The convenience of having Snapple in a can, included in alternative two, should have a positive reaction. The slightly lower price of Snapple, for both alternatives, should create increased sales because consumers always appreciate being able to purchase goods at a lower price. Timing The timing of both alternatives is crucial because of Snapple's declining market share and the slowing growth of the industry. It may also be a good idea to wait a while to purchase Nestea because of its declining sales, which could lower the purchase price. This is the right time for Snapple to enter the international market due to the industry's growth decline in the alternative beverage market in the United States. Entering the international market should increase Snapple's sales in a market that is not yet overcrowded. Feasibility Purchasing the Nestea division of Nestle could be difficult to accomplish. It is unknown if Nestle is willing to sell Nestea. Also, acquiring the amount of capital needed to purchase Nestea would be complex. Alternative two is more feasible. There are some promising prospects for international trade markets. It should be easy to offer Snapple in cans because the costs are lower and the company does not produce its own bottles. However, Snapple would be forced to find companies that produce cans and will be willing to bottle the product in cans. Effectiveness Both of the alternatives address the problem that Snapple is facing. Alternative one solves the problem of Snapple's declining market share by purchasing the Nestea division of Nestle. Alternative two solves this problem by entering the international market. The key success factor of maintaining and improving the image of the company is included in alternative two. Both suggested methods of cutting costs, that would lower the price to the consumer, would also help to improve Snapple's image Lowering the amount of flavors offered would make it easier to obtain shelf space for Snapple's products. Choice Alternative two is the chosen solution. This decision was based on its strong numerical rating as well as its strengths. Alternative two was rated at 3.9 compared to 3.05 for alternative one. Entering the international market will increase the sales at less of a risk than alternative one. Alternative two also requires a considerably lessor amount to invest than the other alternative. Alternative One Description As the sales in the alternative beverage industry have slowed, Snapple has to figure out new ways to survive. Snapple needs to look at cutting prices, varieties, and acquiring other investments. These suggestions lead to an alternative which will help Snapple survive and grow in the industry. Snapple needs to cut their prices to some extent, since they have a profit margin of 42.11% according to 1993 standings. They can cut this to 30 percent and still make a great

User Needs Essay Example

User Needs Essay Example User Needs Essay User Needs Essay I am going to create a database for a cinema organiser/manager to help them keep on task with the cinema club that the students go to, an up to date with their members. At the moment the data is held on a paper based document, this can cause problems because paper can easily be lost or damaged and back-ups are some times impossible or hard to deal with because to copy all the information out again will take a long time.My database will be electronic, which means I can save changes and make back-up copies of the data easily. My database will allow them to do searches and queries to find data. The database is going to include a list of names, genders, addresses and telephone files. This database will be professional, reliable and easy to use; particularly if the owner does not know the necessary ICT skills. The database will be able to print out reports and present data.The user will need the necessary software and hardware to run the software and also a printer to print out reports. T hey will need to have a back up storage facility e.g. another drive, memory sticks or floppy disks.The plan of my databasePlan for the Card Holder Table:Field NameField TypeFormat/LengthRequired?Primary Key?Personal Reference NoNumberIntegerYesYesSurnameText20YesNoFirst NameText15YesNoSchoolText30YesNoGenderText1YesNoDate of BirthDateMediumYesNoAddressText150YesNoPost CodeText8YesNoPlan for the Schools Table:Field NameField TypeFormat/LengthRequired?Primary Key?School NameText30YesYesHeadteacherText25YesNoAddressText150YesNoPost CodeText8YesNoTelephoneText12YesNoSetting up the databaseI choose to set up the tables in design view, so that I could control how the tables were going to be formatted. After opening the design view the blank design form can be typed into so that you can create your own field names. Data types and field lengths.Relationships in my databaseTo make the relationship database work I had to form relationship between the two tables by clicking on the relationship icon and dragged one key field to another to create it (shown below on the left of the screen shot). Because one school can have many pupils I chose a many to one relationship, between my tables. On the right hand side of the screen shot shows the relationship editing window which shows that I have created a one-to-many relationship which means one school in the schools table will relate to many schools in the card holders table.How I entered data into the databaseWhen entering data you should not enter data straight into the tables particular if you want someone to enter data for you. Its easier for a novice to enter data because its more accurate and secure if they use an input form. I created an input form for both tables by clicking on the Forms tab in the database window and using the form report wizard to createCard holders form School formTo move through the records or check and edit them you have to use the navigation button at the bottom of the form box.Checking and correc tingSearching/Sorting the databaseReporting using the databaseI created two reports from my two queries by using the report wizard. To do this you should click on reports in the database window and then create report by using the wizard. This will take you through various steps to create the report. You can choose the data source, the style of the report, the layout, the fields you want to include and how to sort the report. I created two reports from my two queries. In the first one I chose one style for the report and in the second I chose a different one to look at the more suitable style. The two reports are shown below. One is landscape to get all the data in (even then I had to amend the formatting in design view because the first and last fields did not fit on the paper). The bottom one is much neater and professional looking and has fewer fields so that it can fit in a portrait orientation.Backing UpYou need to back up your data regularly in case there is system rash or othe r data loss of some kind. Backing up ensure that you have another copy that you can refer to if you lose the original copy.

Internal and External Analysis of General Motors Research Paper

Internal and External Analysis of General Motors - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that PESTLE aids in the evaluation of the variables in the external environment that affect the ability of a company to operate efficiently in a certain industry mainly, in the long run. Political: Regulations on the safety and environmental effects of vehicles in the automotive industry are one of the political influents of the external environment. Re-gelation and successful implementation of guidelines on vehicle’s safety and environmental impacts began in 1960 and have increased since then. Economic: the automotive industry is important in the economy through the creation of jobs and being the main user of iron, steel, plastic, vinyl, textiles, rubber, computer chips, and aluminum creating demand and augmenting economic growth. Social: these factors include increased concern for the environment, emphasis on eco-friendly products, and attitudes. The automobile industry produces quality vehicles that provide for esteem and provide for their owners and ensuring esteem and safety. Environmental: challenges of environmental protection in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency affect the automotive industry. Addressing issues of climate change is one of the main factors that have to be considered by the automotive industry players. So what? According to the PESTLE, there are many things that need to be considered. Being in the automotive industry there are a lot of legal rules and regulation that need to be followed, such as the Automobile Recycling law. The environmental factor also plays a big a part in the automotive industry. Every time a company produces a car they need to address the climate change. All in all the industry provides safe cars and also creates a lot of jobs.